Re-joining Formal Schooling After a Postpartum Hiatus: Experiences of Teenage Mothers of Zanzibar
Corresponding Author(s) : Elliott P. Niboye
Journal of Humanities & Social Science (JHSS),
##issue.vol## 10 ##issue.no## 6 (2021)
##article.abstract##
The lack of nuanced understanding of how teens undertake their triple roles as mothers,
parents and student is prevalent in Tanzania. This article highlights the plight of teenage
mothers who are readmitted back to formal schooling in Zanzibar. Four objectives guided
this study. The first was to determine the age at which most teenage girls fall pregnant,;
second, how long do teen mothers take to return to school after delivery; third, the
challenges that teenage mothers encounters when they re-join schooling; and lastly, the
coping strategies used by teen mothers to overcome challenges encountered after rejoining school. Public rapid appraisal methods were used to collect data. Secondary
information was sourced from various grey literatures. The major findings reveals that the
age at which most teenage girls are more likely to become pregnant was between fifteen
to seventeen years. On average, most teenage mothers returned to formal schooling in
less than three months after delivery. Those with inadequate support to care for their
babies, and are not in conjugal relationship, take long to get back to formal schooling;
and in extreme cases they fail to resume studies. All teenage mothers experience
individual and institutional challenges upon returning to school. Unmarried teenage
mothers suffer more compared to those who are married. In coping with individual
challenges, most teenage mothers seek help from diverse sources. Having the requisite
law notwithstanding, a clear implementation strategy is found wanting to ensure that all
pregnant teenage girls are supported and encouraged to return to school after delivery,
and to further institute an effective monitoring and evaluation system to ensure that
educational and other rights of teenage mothers are met.
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##journal.references##
Assey, S. 2012. A Critical Analysis of the Expulsion of Pregnant Girls from School: A Case Study of
Temeke District, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. M.A dissertation, University of Dar es Salaam.
Bhuyan, A. A. Jorgensen, and Sharma, S. 2010. Taking the Pulse of Policy: The Policy Implementation
Assessment Tool. Washington, DC: Futures Group, Health Policy Initiative, Task Order1.
Centre for Reproductive Rights. 2013. Forced Out: Mandatory Pregnancy Testing and the Expulsion of
Pregnant Students in Tanzanian Schools. New York: Centre for Reproductive Rights.
Coinco, E. 2010. A Glimpse into the World of Teenage Pregnancy in Sierra Leone. A UNICEF Report,
Sierra Leone.
Haki Elimu. 2011. Litigating the Right to Education in Tanzania: Legal, Political and Social
Considerations and Potential Applications. Dar es Salaam.
Legal and Human Rights Centre & Zanzibar Legal Service Centre. 2015. Tanzania. Human Rights
Report, Zanzibar.
Madanda, J. A. 2014. A Survey on Re-Entry of Pregnant Girls in Primary and Secondary Schools in
Uganda. UNICEF Uganda.
Maluli, F. &T. Bali. 2014. Exploring Experiences of Pregnant and Mothering Secondary School
Students in Tanzania. Research on Humanities and Social Sciences: 4(1): 80-88.
Ministry of Health, Community Development, Gender, Elderly and Children (Mohcdgec). 2016.
–16 Tanzania Demographic Health Survey-MIS Key Findings. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania and
Rockville, Maryland, USA.
Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEVT). 2014. Education for All Assessment 2001–2013.
Zanzibar: Ministry of Education and Vocational Training. Government Printer.
National Bureau of Statistics (NBS). 2010. Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey. 2010. Dar es
Salaam, Tanzania: NBS and ICF Macro.
Office of the Registrar of Education in Zanzibar. 2017. Pregnancy Statistics for Urban and West
Districts 2012 -2016. Zanzibar: Ministry of Education and Vocational Training. Government
Printer.
Plan International. 2012. Because I Am a Girl-Africa Report: Progress and Obstacles to Girls’ Education in
Africa. Dakar, Senegal: Polykromel and Kul Graphics.
Prime Minister Office – Regional Administration and Local Government (PO-RALG). 2013. Pre-Primary,
Primary and Secondary Education Statistics. Dodoma: Prime Minister’s Office-Regional
Administration and Local Government. Government Printer.
Rutgers, A. 2016. The Right to Education of Pregnant Girls and Young Mothers in Tanzania. The Tanzania
Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights (SRHR) Alliance.
Sik, I. 2015. Early Motherhood in Tanzania: Exploring the Education, Health and Employment
Challenges of Dar es Salaam’s Adolescent Mothers. M.A. dissertation, University of Toronto.
Toronto, Canada.
Tibasima, M. 2017. Africa: Make Girls’ Access to Education a Reality. End Exclusion from School for Married
and Pregnant Students. Retrieved Jul 14th. 2017, from Human Rights Watch: https://www.
hrw.org/news/2017/06/16/africaMake-girls-access-education-reality.
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation and Cultural Organisation and
Institute of Statistics (UNESC0 - Institute for Statistics). 2016. Leaving no One Behind: How Far on
the Way to Universal Primary and Secondary Education? Montreal: UNESCO’s Institute for Statistics.
United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). 2013. Adolescent Pregnancy: A Review of the Evidence. New
York: United Nations Population Fund.
United Nations Children Fund. (UNICEF). 2011. The State of the World’s Children: Adolescence, an Age of
Opportunity. New York: Hatteras Press.
—. 2008. Young People and Family Planning: Teenage Pregnancy. Malaysia: UNESCO.
United Nations Children Fund/Plan International. 2014. Experiences and Accounts of Pregnancy Amongst
Adolescents: An Approximation towards the Cultural, Social and Emotional Factors Influencing Teenage
Pregnancy, Through a Study in Six Countries in the Region. Panama: UNICEF and Plan International
UNICEF. 2011). Adolescence in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam: United Nations Children’s Fund.
Walgwe, E. L., N. Termini, H. Birungi & C. Undie. 2016. KENYA: Helping Adolescent Mothers Remain in
School Through Strengthened Implementation of School Re-Entry Policy, STEPUP Case Study,
November 2016.Nairobi: Population Council.
Wedekind, V&T. Milingo. 2015. Second Chances for Girls: The Zambian Re-Entry into School Policy. Lusaka:
Encompass LLC.
World Health Organisation (WHO). 2004. Adolescent Pregnancy: Issues in Adolescent Health and
Development. Geneva: World Health Organization.
—. 2016. Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health. Retrieved November Wednesday 2nd. 2016,
from World Health Organization: http://www.who.int/ maternal_child_ adolescent/ topics/
adolescence/dev/en/