Dynamics of Juvenile Delinquency and Crimes In Arusha City, Tanzania: An Agenda for Development
Corresponding Author(s) : Stephen J. Nindi
Journal of Humanities & Social Science (JHSS),
Vol. 2 No. 1 (2013)
Abstract
Juvenile delinquency and crimes creates enormous setbacks in the development process
mostly in third world countries like Tanzania whose mechanisms to deal with the
situation are weak. This paper examines the dynamics of juvenile delinquency and
crimes and their mitigation measures in a study done in Arusha, Tanzania. The study
results showed that juveniles involved in delinquent behaviours are as young as 12 years
old, and most join the bandwagon after completion of primary school education. Poverty
is the main factor for their involvement in juvenile crimes; and so are peer influence,
drug abuse, and alcoholism. The paper recommends the design of comprehensive
strategies to improve the roadmap to youth life, especially those who do not get an
opportunity to join secondary education. Efforts that encourage strong family ties were
found pertinent to deal with juvenile delinquencies and crimes. It is important to ensure
that youth in Tanzania become an integral part of the development process as they form
the largest proportion of the country’s population.
Keywords
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)BibTeX
- Blumstein, A. 1995. Violence by young people: Why the deadly nexus? National Institute for Justice
- Journal, 229: 3.
- Bosiakoh, T.A. & P.K. Andoh. 2010. Differential association theory and juvenile delinquency in
- Ghana’s capital city-Accra: The case of Ghana Borstal Institute. International Journal of Sociology
- and Anthropology, Vol. 2.
- Broder, D. 1996. Investing in Kids Deters Crime The Boston Globe.
- Cashwell, C.S. & Vacc. N.A. 1996. Family Functioning and Risk Behaviours: Influences on Adolescent
- Delinquency. School Counsellor.
- Cauffman, E., S.P. Farruggia & A. Goldweber. 2008. Bad Boys or Poor Parents: Relation to Female
- Juvenile Delinquency. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 18(4): 699-721.
- Clark, J.P. 1962. Socio-economic class and areas as correlates of illegal behaviour among juveniles.
- American Sociological Review, 27(6): 826-834.
- Gudadi, F.L. 2012. Dynamics of juvenile delinquency and crimes in Arusha municipality. MSc
- dissertation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
- International Association of Chiefs of Police (ICAP). 2000. Crime and policing issues in Dar es
- Salaam Tanzania focusing on community neighbourhood watch groups - Sungusungu. Paper
- presented at conference in Durban, South Africa.
- Jacob, B. & L. Lefgren. 2003. Are Idle Hands the Devil’s Workshop? Incapacitation, Concentration and
- Juvenile Crime. EBER Working Paper No. 9653.
- Kamuzora, C.L. & W. Mkante. 2000. Poverty and household /family size in tanzania: multiple
- responses to population pressure? Research on poverty alleviation: Research Report No. 004 1-
- pp.
- Kling, J.R., J. Ludwig & L.F. Katz. 2005. Neighbourhood effects on crime for female and male
- youth: Evidence from randomized housing voucher experiment. Quarterly Journal of Economics,
- : 87-130.
- LHRC (Legal and Human Rights Centre). 2003. The State of Juvenile Crimes in Tanzania: Report on
- the findings of the research on administration of justice in Tanzania.
- Lipsey, M.W., J.C, Howell, M.R. Kelly, G. Chapman & D. Carver. 2010. Improving the effectiveness of
- juvenile justice programmes: A new perspective on evidence based practice centre for juvenile justice
- reform. Washington, D.C.: GeorgetownUniversity, Centre for Juvenile Justice Reform.
- Maganga, C.S. 2005. Administration of juvenile justice in Tanzania: A study of compatibility with
- international norms and standards. Dissertation for award of LL.M Rights and Humanitarian
- Law, Lund University.
- Mnenwa, R. & E. Maliti. 2010. Children involvements in small business; does it build youth
- entrepreneurship? REPOA research report.
- Muthee, M.W. 2010. Hitting the target, missing the point: Youth policies and programmes in Kenya.
- Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars, Washington DC, USA, 23-26pp.
- Nakhaie, M.R., R.A. Silverman, T.C. LaGrange. 2009. Self Control and Social Control: An
- examination of gender ethnicity, class and delinquency. The Canadian Journal of Sociology,25(1).
- Pelser, E. 2008. Learning to be lost: Youth crime in South Africa. Discussion paper for the
- HSRCYouth Policy Initiative Reserve Bank; Pretoria 13th May 2008.
- Sampson, R.J. 1993. The community context of violent crime. In William J. Wilson (ed.). Sociology
- and the Public Agenda. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
- Shaw, M. 2007. Approaches to Urban Crime Prevention Focusing on Youth. International Centre
- for thePrevention of Crime.
- Shaw, M. &L. Tschiwula. 2002. Developing citizenship among urban youth in conflict with
- the Law. A Paper commissioned by the Safer Cities Programme of UN-HABITAT.
- Environment and Urbanization Journal, 14(2).
- United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS). 2001. Cities in Globalizing World.
- London: UNCHS.
- UN-Habitat. 2004. Crimes of the Child. Globalization and Urban Culture.
- United Republic of Tanzania (URT). 2013. Population and housing census 2012. Dar es
- Salaam:Government Printer.
- —. 2008. Millenium Development Goals report, Mid-way evaluation 2000-2008. Dar es
- Salaam:Government Printer.
- —. 2007. National Strategy on Urban Crime Prevention in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam:
- GovernmentPrinter.
- —. 2006. Ari Mpya, Nguvu Mpya, Kas iMpya. Youth Development in Tanzania.
- —. 2005. National Strategy of Growth and Reduction of Poverty. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.
- —. 1999. The Tanzania Development Vision 2025. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.
- Vanderschueren, F. 2000. The prevention of urban crime. Paper presented at the
- Africities 2000
- Summit, Windhoek, Namibia
- Weijter, G. 2008. Youth delinquency in Dutch cities and schools: A multiple approach.
- IpskampNijmegen: Print Partners.
- Weisheit, R.A., D.N. Falcone, L.E. Wells. 1994. Rural crime and rural policing. National
- Institute of Justice: Research in Action, US Department of Justice.
- Wright, K.N. & K.E. Wright. 1994. Family life, delinquency, and crime: A policy maker guide.
- Researchsummary. Washington DC.
- World Health Organization (WHO). 2002. World report on violence and health. Geneva
References
Blumstein, A. 1995. Violence by young people: Why the deadly nexus? National Institute for Justice
Journal, 229: 3.
Bosiakoh, T.A. & P.K. Andoh. 2010. Differential association theory and juvenile delinquency in
Ghana’s capital city-Accra: The case of Ghana Borstal Institute. International Journal of Sociology
and Anthropology, Vol. 2.
Broder, D. 1996. Investing in Kids Deters Crime The Boston Globe.
Cashwell, C.S. & Vacc. N.A. 1996. Family Functioning and Risk Behaviours: Influences on Adolescent
Delinquency. School Counsellor.
Cauffman, E., S.P. Farruggia & A. Goldweber. 2008. Bad Boys or Poor Parents: Relation to Female
Juvenile Delinquency. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 18(4): 699-721.
Clark, J.P. 1962. Socio-economic class and areas as correlates of illegal behaviour among juveniles.
American Sociological Review, 27(6): 826-834.
Gudadi, F.L. 2012. Dynamics of juvenile delinquency and crimes in Arusha municipality. MSc
dissertation, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania.
International Association of Chiefs of Police (ICAP). 2000. Crime and policing issues in Dar es
Salaam Tanzania focusing on community neighbourhood watch groups - Sungusungu. Paper
presented at conference in Durban, South Africa.
Jacob, B. & L. Lefgren. 2003. Are Idle Hands the Devil’s Workshop? Incapacitation, Concentration and
Juvenile Crime. EBER Working Paper No. 9653.
Kamuzora, C.L. & W. Mkante. 2000. Poverty and household /family size in tanzania: multiple
responses to population pressure? Research on poverty alleviation: Research Report No. 004 1-
pp.
Kling, J.R., J. Ludwig & L.F. Katz. 2005. Neighbourhood effects on crime for female and male
youth: Evidence from randomized housing voucher experiment. Quarterly Journal of Economics,
: 87-130.
LHRC (Legal and Human Rights Centre). 2003. The State of Juvenile Crimes in Tanzania: Report on
the findings of the research on administration of justice in Tanzania.
Lipsey, M.W., J.C, Howell, M.R. Kelly, G. Chapman & D. Carver. 2010. Improving the effectiveness of
juvenile justice programmes: A new perspective on evidence based practice centre for juvenile justice
reform. Washington, D.C.: GeorgetownUniversity, Centre for Juvenile Justice Reform.
Maganga, C.S. 2005. Administration of juvenile justice in Tanzania: A study of compatibility with
international norms and standards. Dissertation for award of LL.M Rights and Humanitarian
Law, Lund University.
Mnenwa, R. & E. Maliti. 2010. Children involvements in small business; does it build youth
entrepreneurship? REPOA research report.
Muthee, M.W. 2010. Hitting the target, missing the point: Youth policies and programmes in Kenya.
Woodrow Wilson International Centre for Scholars, Washington DC, USA, 23-26pp.
Nakhaie, M.R., R.A. Silverman, T.C. LaGrange. 2009. Self Control and Social Control: An
examination of gender ethnicity, class and delinquency. The Canadian Journal of Sociology,25(1).
Pelser, E. 2008. Learning to be lost: Youth crime in South Africa. Discussion paper for the
HSRCYouth Policy Initiative Reserve Bank; Pretoria 13th May 2008.
Sampson, R.J. 1993. The community context of violent crime. In William J. Wilson (ed.). Sociology
and the Public Agenda. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Shaw, M. 2007. Approaches to Urban Crime Prevention Focusing on Youth. International Centre
for thePrevention of Crime.
Shaw, M. &L. Tschiwula. 2002. Developing citizenship among urban youth in conflict with
the Law. A Paper commissioned by the Safer Cities Programme of UN-HABITAT.
Environment and Urbanization Journal, 14(2).
United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (UNCHS). 2001. Cities in Globalizing World.
London: UNCHS.
UN-Habitat. 2004. Crimes of the Child. Globalization and Urban Culture.
United Republic of Tanzania (URT). 2013. Population and housing census 2012. Dar es
Salaam:Government Printer.
—. 2008. Millenium Development Goals report, Mid-way evaluation 2000-2008. Dar es
Salaam:Government Printer.
—. 2007. National Strategy on Urban Crime Prevention in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam:
GovernmentPrinter.
—. 2006. Ari Mpya, Nguvu Mpya, Kas iMpya. Youth Development in Tanzania.
—. 2005. National Strategy of Growth and Reduction of Poverty. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.
—. 1999. The Tanzania Development Vision 2025. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.
Vanderschueren, F. 2000. The prevention of urban crime. Paper presented at the
Africities 2000
Summit, Windhoek, Namibia
Weijter, G. 2008. Youth delinquency in Dutch cities and schools: A multiple approach.
IpskampNijmegen: Print Partners.
Weisheit, R.A., D.N. Falcone, L.E. Wells. 1994. Rural crime and rural policing. National
Institute of Justice: Research in Action, US Department of Justice.
Wright, K.N. & K.E. Wright. 1994. Family life, delinquency, and crime: A policy maker guide.
Researchsummary. Washington DC.
World Health Organization (WHO). 2002. World report on violence and health. Geneva