##issue.issue##

##issue.vol## 12 ##issue.no## 2 (2023)

The Role of Cooperatives and Farmer-Industry Linkages in the Evolution of Tanga’s Dairy Innovation System

https://doi.org/10.56279/jhss.v12i2.344
Hezron Makundi
University of Dar es Salaam
Heric Thomas
Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Research Organization (STIPRO)

Corresponding Author(s) : Hezron Makundi

hmakundi@gmail.com

Journal of Humanities & Social Science (JHSS), ##issue.vol## 12 ##issue.no## 2 (2023)

##article.abstract##

This study investigated the development of Tanga’s dairy innovation system and its role
in promoting and maintaining relationships between farmers, the industry, and
cooperative unions; employing a case study approach. The main objective was to assess
the role of cooperatives in forging farmer-industry linkages and in improving dairy
industry innovations. 100 dairy producers in Tanga participated in the survey that led
to the paper. A questionnaire was used to collect data from randomly selected farmers.
Furthermore, 20 key informant interviews were conducted with various participants,
including the Tanga Dairy Cooperative Union livestock extension service providers.
Also, one Focus Group Discussion involving 12 participants from the aforementioned
stakeholders was held. The findings revealed that over the last three decades, Tanga’s
dairy innovation has evolved into a competitive innovation system. It has gone through
four phases: development of the capability of dairy farming (1985–1992), the formation
of the Dairy Cooperative Union (1993), the development of milk-processing capability
(1996–1997–2007), and the phase of improving the innovation capability of the whole
system (2008–present). The formal and informal contractual arrangements of the Tanga
Dairy Cooperative Union were found to be the primary means for sustaining close ties
between dairy farmers and the Tanga Fresh Ltd. These agreements have enhanced
collaboration and mutual learning that have contributed to a significant increase in
farmers’ milk production and Tanga Fresh Ltd’s processing capacity. Based on the
recorded achievements, this paper recommends for the adoption of the identified
innovative contractual model to other cattle-rich zones. However, it is also imperative
to address identified challenges such as fluctuation of trust between the farmers and
the cooperative, and cases of deviation from contractual obligations.

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The Role of Cooperatives and Farmer-Industry Linkages in the Evolution of Tanga’s Dairy Innovation System. (2024). Journal of Humanities & Social Science (JHSS), 12(2). https://doi.org/10.56279/jhss.v12i2.344
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