Undergraduate Female Student-leaders in Higher Education: Leadership Identity and Development in Tanzania
Corresponding Author(s) : Cecilia Swai
Journal of Humanities & Social Science (JHSS),
##issue.vol## 10 ##issue.no## 2 (2021): Special Issue on Gender I
##article.abstract##
This study investigated the development of leadership identity among six female
undergraduate student-leaders in higher learning institutions (HLIs). Based on the
hexagon and motivation to lead theories, the study focused on personal knowledge,
beliefs and actions that female undergraduate student-leaders attach to their leadership
identities. Furthermore, the study explored the perceived leadership motivational factors
for female student-leaders in HLIs. The study employed a phenomenological interpretive
approach to investigate the lived-experiences of female student-leaders related to their
leadership identities and developments in three HLIs. The study noted that there are
important roles played by parents, peers, teachers and religious institutions in developing
female student-leaders. According to the findings, the role of peers becomes more evident
during the adolescent age of female-leaders. Further, the findings revealed that female
students’ participation in leadership is, in most cases, pushed by their feeling of a sense
of duty or responsibility to lead. The study recommends promoting the influence of socialnormative and affective identity among young girls within families, schools and colleges
to develop strong committed female-leaders.
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- Generation of Leaders. New York: Routledge.
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##journal.references##
Al-Jammal, K. 2015. Student Leadership : Basic Skills and Appropriate Activities. International Journal
of Innovative Research & Development, 4(13): 20–39. Retrieved on 24th September. 2020, from
file:///c:/users/user/downloads/student_leadership_basic_skills_and_appr (2).pdf.
Amirianzadeh, M. 2012. Hexagon Theory-Student Leadership Development. Procedia - Social and
Behavioral Sciences, 31(2011): 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.12.063.
Amit, K., A. Lisak, M. Popper & R. Gal. 2007. Motivation to Lead: Research on the Motives for
Undertaking Leadership Roles in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Military Psychology. 19(3): 137–
doi:10.1080/ 08995600701386317.
Anangisye, W. A. L. 2018. Rethinking the Justification of Teaching Morality: Review -Based Evidence.
Huria Journal, 25(1): 1–27. Retrieved on 11th June. 2020 from file:///c:/users/user/appdata/ local/
temp/182939–article%20text-466416–1–10–20190207.pdf.
Archard, N., (2011. Peer Influence on Female Student Leadership Attainment, Capacity and
Development: A Staff and Student Perspective Within a Girls’ School Context. Leading and
Managing, 17(1): 1–15.
Bevan, M. T. 2014. A Method of Phenomenological Interviewing. Qualitative Health Research, 24, 136–144.
Bowlby, J. 1969. Attachment and Loss. Vol 1. Attachment. New York: Basic Books.
Bowers, J. R., D. M. Rosch & D. A. Collier. 2016. Examining the Relationship Between Role Models
and Leadership Growth During the Transition to Adulthood. Journal of Adolescent Research, 31
(1): 96–118.
Brown, V. & V. Clarke. 2006. Using Thematic Analysis in Psychology. Qualitative Research in
Psychology, 3: 77–101.
Chan, K. Y. & F. Drasgow. 2001. Toward a Theory of Individual Differences and Leadership:
Understanding the Motivation to Lead. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(3), 481–498.
Eagly, A. & C. Johannesen-Schmidt. 2001. The Leadership Styles of Women and Men. Journal of Social
Issues, 57(4): 781–797. doi:10.1111/0022–4537.00241.
Groenewald, T. 2004. A Phenomenological Research Design Illustrated. International Journal of
Qualitative Methods, 3: 1–26.
Huntley, J. & L. Owens. 2006. ‘I Know They Are Manipulating Me’ Unmasking Indirect Aggression in an
Adolescent Girls’ Friendship Group: A Case Study. International Education Journal, 7(4): 514–523.
Jarmon, L. J. 2014. Cracking the Glass Ceiling: A Phenomenological Study of Women Administrators
in Higher Education. Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Iowa State University, 187. Retrieved on 8th
April. 2020, from https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201102249.
Kambuga, Y. & A. Omollo. 2017. Understanding Students’ Leadership Role and Challenges in Secondary
Schools Understanding Students’ Leadership Role and Challenges in Secondary Schools in Tanzania.
February 2018. Retrieved on 8th April. 2020, from https://doi.org/10.9734/arjass/2017/32037.
Kayombo, J. 2020. Mentoring Experiences in Higher Education: Voices of Early Career Academics
(ECAs) at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Journal of Education, Humanities and Sciences,
(3): 19–34.
Li, Y., Chan, K., O. Cherrnyshenko, M. Ho, K. Low & J. Ma. 2013. Gender and the Motivation to Lead
(MTL): What We Know from Studies of Entrepreneurial, Professional and Leadership in the 21st Century.
Paper Presented at the 16th Congress of the European Association of Work and Organizational
Psychology (EAWOP), Munster, Germany. 42joms_933 1317.
Miles. J. 2010. Why We Lead: Reflections of Female Student Government Presidents. Retrieved
On11th June. 2020, from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ed509395.
Moodley, L., T. Holt, A. Leke & G. Desvaux. 2016. Women Matter Africa: Making Gender Diversity a
Reality. Mckinsey & Company: Retrieved on 11th June. 2020 from https://www.mckinsey. com/
~/media/mckinsey/featured insights/women matter/women matter africa/women matter af.
Petriglieri, J. L. 2011. Under Threat: Responses to and the Consequences of Threats to Individuals’
Identities. Academy of Management Review, 36(4): 641–662.
Pflanz, M. 2011. Women in Positions of Influence: Exploring the Journeys of Women in Positions of
Influence: Exploring the Journeys of Female Community Leaders. Educational Administration:
Theses, Dissertations & Student Research, 78, 1–70. Retrieved on 15th August. 2020, from
https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cehsedaddiss/78.
Porter, T. H., M. W. Gerhardt, D. Fields & M. Bugenhagen. 2019. An Exploratory Study of Gender
and Motivation to Lead in Millennials. The Journal of Social Psychology, 159(2): 138–152, doi:
1080/00224545.2019.1570902.
Reichard, R. J. & S. E. Murphy (eds.). 2011. Early Development and Leadership: Building the Next
Generation of Leaders. New York: Routledge.
Rudolph, K. D. 2010. Implicit Theories of Peer Relationships. Social Development. 19(1): 113–129.
Timney, K. 2011. The Leadership Experience of Female Chief Admissions Officers: A Phenomenological
Research Study. Doctoral Dissertation, Clemson University, Retrieved on 15th August. 2020, from
http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.837.7510& rep= rep1&type=pdf.
United Nations Organisation. 2018. The Sustainable Development Goals Report. Retrieved on 11th
June. 2020, from https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/files/report/2018/thesustainabledevelopment
goalsreport2018–en.pdf.