Common Sets of Perplexing Work Experiences Amongst Early-Career Academics in Higher Learning Institutions in Tanzania
Corresponding Author(s) : Harun J. Magosho
Journal of Humanities & Social Science (JHSS),
##issue.vol## 10 ##issue.no## 1 (2021)
##article.abstract##
The research study from which this paper emanates was conducted in three selected
universities; the University of Dar es Salaam (UDSM - Mwalimu Julius Nyerere Milani
Campus), University of Dodoma (UDOM), and Saint Augustine University of Tanzania
(SAUT - Mwenge). The study explores common sets of perplexing work experiences of
early career academics (ECAs). A sample size of 54 participants was used to generate
data through interviews, documentary data review, and non-participant observation.
Research results showed that during early days early career academics work hard to get
acquainted with different academic duties and responsibilities, demonstrate own
academic capacity, and widen academic connections and networks. It was revealed that
ECAs endured relatively weighty workloads as they performed own duties and those of
their senior members; and spent relatively lesser amount of time on scholarly works
than what was essentially required to meet predetermined promotion standards. In
general, ECAs were worried, disturbed, lonely and confused amid perplexing university
work settings. The study recommends for extensive mentoring strategies that would
improve work experiences of ECAs in universities in Tanzania.
Keywords:
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- Wholey (eds.), Handbook Of Practical Program Evaluation (Pp. 492–505. Jossey - Bass.
- Akerlind, G. S. 2005. Postdoctoral Researchers: Roles, Functions And Career Prospects. Higher
- Education Research Development, 24(1): 21– 40.
- Albatch, P. G. 2000. The Changing Academic Workplace: Comparative Perspectives. Massachusetts:
- Boston College Centre For International Higher Education.
- Ayo, L. & Fraser, C. 2008. The Four Constructs Of Collegiality. International Journal Of Evidence Based
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- Academic and Professional Identities in Higher Education (Pp. 207–222. New York, USA: Routledge.
- Hemmings, B. & D. Hill. 2009. The Development of Lecturer Research Expertise: Towards a Unifying
- Model. Issues in Educational Research. 19(1): 14–24.
- Jawitz, J. P. 2007. Becoming an Academic: a Study of Learning To Judge Students’ Performance in Three
- Disciplines at a South African University. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Cape Town.
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- USA: Routledge.
- Sorcinelli, M. D. 1994. Effective Approaches To New Faculty Development. Journal of Counselling and
- Development, 72, 474–479. Doi: 10.1002/J.1556–6676.1994.Tb00976.X
- Sutherland, K. & Petersen, L. 2009. The Success and Impact of Early Career Academics in Two New
- Zealand Tertiary Institutions. 1–44. Retrieved from https://akoaotearoa.ac.nz/download/ng/file/
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- Minimum Standards for Provision of University Education in Tanzania (2nd Ed.). Dar es Salaam,
- Tanzania: the Tanzania Commission for Universities.
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- Tettey, W. J. 2010. Challenges of Developing and Retaining the Next Generation of Academics:
- Deficits in Academic Staff Capacity at African Universities. 1–107. Retrieved from http://
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- Universities and Constituent Colleges. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Office of the Treasury Registrar.
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##journal.references##
Adams, W. C. 2015. Conducting Semi-Structured Interviews. In K.E. Newcomer, H. P. Hatry & J. S.
Wholey (eds.), Handbook Of Practical Program Evaluation (Pp. 492–505. Jossey - Bass.
Akerlind, G. S. 2005. Postdoctoral Researchers: Roles, Functions And Career Prospects. Higher
Education Research Development, 24(1): 21– 40.
Albatch, P. G. 2000. The Changing Academic Workplace: Comparative Perspectives. Massachusetts:
Boston College Centre For International Higher Education.
Ayo, L. & Fraser, C. 2008. The Four Constructs Of Collegiality. International Journal Of Evidence Based
Coaching And Mentoring, 6(1): 57–66.
Buller, J. L. 2009. The Essential College Professor: A Practical Guide To An Academic Career. San Francisco:
Jossey-Bass.
Dominguez-Whitehead, Y. & M. Moosa. 2014. New Academics in the South African ResearchOriented Academy: A Critical Review of Challenges and Support Structures. Alternation Special
Edition, 12: 260–282.
Donaldson, E. L. & C. Emes. 2000. The Challenge for Women Academics: Reaching a Critical Mass
in Research, Teaching and Service. Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 30, 33–55.
Fox, N. 2009. Using Interviews in a Research Project. Leicester, U. K: National Institute for Health
Research. Retrieved from www.nihr.ac.uk.
Gappa, J. M. 2010. Rethinking Faculty Work and Workplaces. in G. Gordon & C. Whitchurch (Eds.),
Academic and Professional Identities in Higher Education (Pp. 207–222. New York, USA: Routledge.
Hemmings, B. & D. Hill. 2009. The Development of Lecturer Research Expertise: Towards a Unifying
Model. Issues in Educational Research. 19(1): 14–24.
Jawitz, J. P. 2007. Becoming an Academic: a Study of Learning To Judge Students’ Performance in Three
Disciplines at a South African University. Unpublished PhD Thesis, University of Cape Town.
Kayombo, J. J. 2019. Becoming, Doing, Being and Belonging Into Academics: Career Trajectories of
Early-Career Academics at the University of Dar es Salaam. Papers in Education and Development,
(2): 180–200.
Kayombo, J. J. 2020. Mentoring Experiences in Higher Education: Voices of Early Career Academics
(ECAs) at the University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Journal of Education, Humanities and Sciences,
(3): 19–34.
Khairunneezam, M. N., O. Siti-Suriani, & A. H. Nurul-Nadirah. 2017. Work-Life Balance Satisfaction
Among Academics in Public Higher Educational Sector. International Journal of Academic Research
in Business and Social Sciences, 7 (Special Issue): 5–19.
Koekemoer, E. M. & A. A. Ligthelm. 2009. Academic Publishing: Lessons Learnt from the South
African Business Review. South African Business Review, 13.
Makulilo, V. B. 2012. The Proliferation of Private Universities in Tanzania: Quality Compromised?
Wudpecker Journal of Educational Research, 1(4): 51–66.
Magosho, H. J. 2015. Rethinking Preparation of Early Career Academics: Experiences from Chinese and
Tanzanian Universities. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation. East China Normal University,
Shanghai, China.
—. 2019. The Desire of Young Scholars to Enter Academia Today in Selected Universities in
Tanzania. Papers in Education and Development, 37(1): 141–162.
Mcalpine, L. & G. Akerlind. 2010. Academic Practice in a Changing and International Landscape. in
L. Mcalpine & G. Akerlind (Eds.), Becoming an Academic: International Perspectives (pp. 1–17.
London: UK. Palgrave Macmillan.
Miles, M., M. Huberman & J. Saldana. 2014. Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook (3nd Ed.).
London, England: SAGE.
Murdani, Y. 2016. Issues Challenging Universities: a Case of Tanzanian Higher Education. Ahmad
Dahlan Journal of English Studies, 3(1): 51–62.
Musiige, G. & P. Maassen. 2015. Faculty Perceptions of the Factors That Influence Research Productivity
at Makerere University. in N. Cloete., P. Maassen. & T. Bailey (Eds.), Knowledge Production and
Contradictory Functions in African Higher Education (pp. 109–127. Cape Town: SA. African Minds.
Nelson, J. R., K. J. Desmond, & C. A. Rapisarda. 2010. Navigating Academia: What You Didn’t Learn in
Graduate School. Retrieved from http://counselingoutfitters.com/ vistas/ vistas10/ article_37.pdf.
Omari, I. M. 2011. Concepts and Methods in Educational Research. Dar es Salaam: Oxford University
Press (T) Limited.
Pienaar, C. & C. Bester. 2014. The Retention of Academics in the Early Career Phase. South African
Journal of Human Resource Management, 6(2): 32–41.
Rasanen, K. 2009. Academic Work As Practical Activity: Preparing for Praxis. Paper Presented at the
nd International Conference on Preparing for Academic Practice: Disciplinary Perspectives,
University of Oxford.
Rhoades, G. 2010. Envisioning Invisible Workforces: Enhancing Intellectual Capital. in G. Gordon &
C. Whitchurch (Eds.), Academic and Professional Identities in Higher Education (Pp. 35–53. New York,
USA: Routledge.
Sorcinelli, M. D. 1994. Effective Approaches To New Faculty Development. Journal of Counselling and
Development, 72, 474–479. Doi: 10.1002/J.1556–6676.1994.Tb00976.X
Sutherland, K. & Petersen, L. 2009. The Success and Impact of Early Career Academics in Two New
Zealand Tertiary Institutions. 1–44. Retrieved from https://akoaotearoa.ac.nz/download/ng/file/
group-4/n3953–success-and-impact-of-early career-academics-in-two-nz-tertiary-institutions---
project-report.pdf.
Tanzania Commission for Universities (TCU). 2014. Quality Assurance General Guidelines and
Minimum Standards for Provision of University Education in Tanzania (2nd Ed.). Dar es Salaam,
Tanzania: the Tanzania Commission for Universities.
—. 2019. Vital Stats on University Education in Tanzania. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Tanzania
Commission for Universities.
Tettey, W. J. 2010. Challenges of Developing and Retaining the Next Generation of Academics:
Deficits in Academic Staff Capacity at African Universities. 1–107. Retrieved from http://
foundation- partnership.org/pubs/pdf/tettey_deficits.pdf.
United Republic of Tanzania (URT). 2014. Harmonized Scheme of Service for Academic Staff in Public
Universities and Constituent Colleges. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Office of the Treasury Registrar.
Yin, R. K. 2003. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage.