Issue

Vol. 7 No. 1 (2018)

Early Childhood Care and Education in Water-Scarcity Villages in Tanzania: The Case of Ng’hong’onha Village, Dodoma

https://doi.org/10.56279/jhss.v7i1.59
lyabwene mtahabwa

Corresponding Author(s) : lyabwene mtahabwa

lyabwene@gmail.com

Journal of Humanities & Social Science (JHSS), Vol. 7 No. 1 (2018)

Abstract

This article presents findings from a study that adopted a concept of the best interests
of the child to investigate stakeholders’ experiences in different water-scarcity contexts
in relation to the care and education of children by using the case of one village in
Dodoma region. Three objectives guided the study: (a) establishing the extent of water
scarcity and its causes in relation to early childhood service delivery; (b) documenting
the effects of water scarcity on Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE); and (c)
examining efforts made by village members to curb water scarcity. The study gathered
data from a sample of 37 informants obtained purposively through the deployment of
a case study design and a qualitative research approach. Focus group discussions
(FGDs), interviews and documentary reviews were used as data collection methods. The
results showed that the failure to rectify water scarcity created contexts that paralyzed
almost every life affair of the inhabitants in general, and the quality of ECCE in
particular. There were multiple negative effects associated with water scarcity on the
provision of ECCE, including: less joyful learning, disruptions of study time, eye
diseases, skin diseases and diarrhoea. Overall, the experiences of stakeholders
indicated that the provision of care and education in water-scarcity contexts hardly
realized best interests of the child in most significant ways. By implication, water
signified one of the most important resources worth considering in the planning and
implementation of ECCE programmes.


 

Keywords

early childhood care and education water scarcity village Tanzania.
Early Childhood Care and Education in Water-Scarcity Villages in Tanzania: The Case of Ng’hong’onha Village, Dodoma. (2020). Journal of Humanities & Social Science (JHSS), 7(1). https://doi.org/10.56279/jhss.v7i1.59
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX
References
  1. Barker, R., B. van Coppen & T. Shah. 2000. A Global Perspective on Water Scarcity and Poverty:
  2. Achievements and Challenges for Water Resource Management. Colombo: International Water
  3. Management Institute (IWMI).
  4. Bronfenbrenner, U. 1978. The Ecology of Human Development. USA: Harvard University Press.
  5. Bronfenbrenner, U. & P. A. A. Morris. 2006. The Bioecological Model of Human Development. Retrieved
  6. December 27. 2017 from: https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d470/ f7b5abc2c5b338ee88b 15a3
  7. b07ef214ce57.pdf.
  8. Committee on the Rights of the Child. 2015. Concluding Observations on the Combined Third to Fifth
  9. Periodic Reports of the United Republic of Tanzania (CRC/C/TZA/CO/3-5). Retrieved December 20. 2017
  10. from: https://www.crin.org/en/library/un-regional-documentation/concluding-observations- 68thstanzania-combined-third-fifth.
  11. Dahlberg, G., P. Moss & A. R. Pence. 1999. Beyond Quality in Early Childhood Education and Care:
  12. Postmodern Perspectives. London and Philadelphia: Falmer Press.
  13. Economic Commission for Africa. 2000. The Africa Water Vision for 2025: Equitable and Sustainable Use
  14. of Water for Socioeconomic Development. Retrieved October 30. 2017 from: http://www.afdb.
  15. org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Generic-Documents/african% 20water%20vision% 202025%
  16. to%20be%20sent%20to%20wwf5.pdf.
  17. Einarsdóttir, J. 2007. Research with Children: Methodological and Ethical Challenges. European Early
  18. Childhood Education Research Journal,15(2): 198–211.
  19. Ezzy, D. 2002. Qualitative Analysis: Practice and Innovation. London: Routledge.
  20. Gall, P. G., M. D. Gall & W.R. Borg. 2005. Applying Educational Research: A Practical Guide (5th ed).
  21. Boston: Pearson Education.
  22. Garcia, M., G. Virata & E. Dunkelberg. 2008. The State of Young Children in Sub-Saharan Africa. In
  23. M. Garcia, A. Pence & J. L. Evans (eds.), Africa’s Future, Africa’s Challenge: Early Childhood Care and
  24. Development in Sub-Saharan Africa, (pp. 11–28). Washington DC: The International Bank for
  25. Reconstruction and Development/World Bank.
  26. Gunther, I. & G. Fink. 2010. Water, Sanitation and Children’s Health: Evidence from 172 DHS Surveys.
  27. Retrieved December 21. 2017 from: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/bitstream/handle/
  28. /3762/WPS5275.pdf?sequence=1.
  29. Harper, C., R. Marcus & K. Moore. 2003. Enduring Poverty and the Conditions of Childhood: Life
  30. Course and Intergenerational Poverty Transmissions. World Development, 31(3): 535–554.
  31. Lincoln, Y. & E. Guba. 1985. Natuaralistic Inquiry. New York: Sage.
  32. Ministry of Community Development, Gender and Children. 2008. Child Development Policy.
  33. Retrieved December 21. 2017 from: http://www.cdftz.org/files/Child%20Development%20Policy2008%20English%20Version%202010%20(2).pdf.
  34. Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (MoEC). 2014. Education and Training Policy. Retrieved
  35. 12. 2017 from: https://tanzania.go.tz/egov_uploads/documents/ SERA_ya_Elimu_2_sw.pdf.
  36. Mokomane, Z. 2011. Family-oriented Policies for Poverty Reduction: Work-family Balance and
  37. Intergenerational Solidarity. Retrieved December 21. 2017 from: http://www.un.org/ esa/socdev/
  38. family/docs/WorkFamilyBalanceandIntergenerationalSolidarity.pdf.
  39. Mtahabwa, L. 2007. Policy and Practice of Pre-primary Educational Policy in Tanzania: Observations from
  40. Urban and Rural Pre-primary Schools. PhD thesis submitted in partial fulfilments for the Degree of
  41. Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
  42. Organization of African Unity (OAU). 1999. The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child.
  43. Retrieved 27.12.2017 from: https://www.unicef.org/esaro/African_Charter_articles_in_full.pdf.
  44. Pink, R. 2013. Child Rights, Right to Water and Sanitation, and Human Security. Health and Human
  45. Rights Journal, 14(1). Retrieved October 31. 2017 from: https://www.hhrjournal.org/2013/08/
  46. child-rights-right-to-water-and-sanitation-and-human-security/.
  47. Rwezaura, B. 1994. The Value of a Child: Marginal Children and the Law in Contemporary Tanzania.
  48. International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 14(2000): 326–364.
  49. —. 1998. Competing ‘Images’ of Childhood in the Social and Legal Systems of Contemporary SubSaharan Africa. International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, 14: 326–364.
  50. Tanzania Child Rights Forum. 2014. Tanzania CSO’s Alternative Report to the 3rd, 4th And 5th
  51. Consolidated Report on Tanzania’s Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. 2007-
  52. . Retrieved December 20. 2017 from: http://www.childrightsforum.org/ files/ TANZANIA
  53. %20NGO%20ALTERNATIVE%20REPORT%20TO%20THE%20UNCRC%202014.pdf.
  54. United Nations (UN). 1989. Convention on the Rights of the Child. Retrieved October 28. 2017 from:
  55. http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/k2crc.htm.
  56. —. 2005. International Decade for Action: ‘Water for Life’ 2005–2015. Retrieved from the United
  57. Nations website: http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/.
  58. —. 2007. World Water Day: Coping with Water Scarcity. Retrieved April 6. 2018 from http://www.
  59. unescap.org/events/world-water-day-2007-%E2%80%9Ccoping-water-scarcity% E2%80%9D.
  60. —. 2013. Water Security & The Global Water Agenda: A UN-Water Analytical Brief. Retrieved 21.12.2017
  61. from: http://www.unwater.org/downloads/ analytical_brief_oct2013_web.pdf.
  62. United Nations World Water Development Report. 2015. Water for a Sustainable World. Retrieved
  63. October 28. 2017 from: http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002318/231823E.pdf.
  64. UN-Water Thematic Initiatives. 2006. Coping with Water Scarcity: A Strategic Issue and Priority for
  65. System-Wide Action. Retrieved October 28. 2017 from: http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/
  66. pdf/2006_unwater_coping_with_water_scarcity_eng.pdf.
  67. United Nations Children’s Fund. 2007. World Water Day. Retrieved December 27. 2017 from:
  68. https://www.unicef.org/media/media_39164.html.
  69. —. 2012. Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in Schools: A companion to the Schools Friendly Manual.
  70. Retrieved 21.12.2017 from: http://www.unicef.org/publications/ files/CFS_WASH_E_web.pdf.
  71. United Nations Development Programme (UNDP). 2006. Does Access to Water and Sanitation Affect
  72. Child Survival? A Five-Country Analysis. Retrieved December 21. 2017 from: website:http://
  73. hdr.undp. org/sites/default/files/fuentes_et_al_a.pdf.
  74. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa. 2000. Economic Report for Africa 2000. Retrieved
  75. December 27. 2017 from https://www.uneca.org/publications/economic-report-africa-2000.
  76. United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 2015. World Water Assessment
  77. Programme. Retrieved December 27. 2017 from: http://www.unesco.org/new/en/naturalsciences/environment/water/wwap/wwdr/2015-water-for-a-sustainable-world/.
  78. United Nations World Water Assessment Programme (WWAP). 2015. The United Nations World Water
  79. Development Report 2015: Water for a sustainable world. Retrieved December 21. 2017 from:
  80. from.http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0023/002318/231823E.pdf.
  81. United Republic of Tanzania (URT). 2002. National Water Policy. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.
  82. —. 2009. The Law of the Child Act. Dar es Salaam: Government Printer.
  83. —. 2012. Tanzania 3rd, 4th and 5th Reports on the Implementation of the Convention on the Rights of the Child
  84. (CRC) 2005-2011. Retrieved December 21. 2017 from: http://www.africanchildforum.org/clr/Report%
  85. and%20Concluding%20Observation/CRC/report/tanzania-%20thirdtofifth-uncrc-en.pdf.
  86. World Health Organization (WHO). 2011. Disaster Risk Management for Health: Water, Sanitation and
  87. Hygiene. Retrieved 01.11.2017 from: http://www.who.int/hac/events/drm_fact_sheet_wash.pdf.
Read More
Author biographies is not available.

How to Cite

Early Childhood Care and Education in Water-Scarcity Villages in Tanzania: The Case of Ng’hong’onha Village, Dodoma. (2020). Journal of Humanities & Social Science (JHSS), 7(1). https://doi.org/10.56279/jhss.v7i1.59
Download

Similar Articles

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.