Students’ Science Knowledge as a Constraint In Developing Interests in Science Studies among Secondary School Learners in Tanzania
Corresponding Author(s) : John F. Kalolo
Journal of Humanities & Social Science (JHSS),
Vol. 1 No. 2 (2012)
Abstract
The paper examines how students’ science knowledge is a constraint in developing
interests in science studies. There are three objectives that guided the study on which
this paper is based: examining student’s background knowledge about science and its
related careers; assessing student’s awareness on science related professions; and
examining the availability of various sources of science knowledge in schools for
developing interest in science subjects in secondary schools. A total of 246 respondents
participated in the study; and these included 60 teachers, 180 students and 6 heads of
schools. The data were collected through questionnaire, interview, focus group
discussion, and observation checklist. The data obtained was analyzed both
quantitatively, by calculation of frequencies and percentages; and qualitatively, through
thematic or content analysis. The findings revealed that students had low knowledge
about science and its related occupations, and this was reflected by inadequate and
unreliable sources of science information, poor mythology, and stereotypes towards
science and its related professions. In turn, these interfere with students’ learning,
resulting to dissuasion in selecting science subjects as pathways to one’s future career.
The study also identified differences between student’s science knowledge base, which
were influenced by poor identity and perception towards science, scientists, and
towards science related careers.
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- Ajzen, I. 1988. Attitudes, personality and behaviour. Mitton Keynes: Open University Press.
- —. 1991. The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision processes.
- (2):179-211.
- Biswalo, M.P. 1996. An Introduction to Guidance and Counselling: In Diverse African Contexts. Dar es
- Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press.
- Cajas, F. 1998. Teaching science for understanding and applications: The role of technology. Doctoral
- dissertation, East Lansing, Michigan State University.
- Cleaves, A. 2005. The formation of science choices in secondary school. International Journal of
- Science Education, 27(4):471-486.
- Davis, S.J., & J. Winek. 1989. Improving expository writing by increasing background knowledge.
- Journal of Reading, 33(3):178-181.
- DeBoer, G. 1991. A history of ideas in science education. New York: Teachers College Press.
- Dewey, J. 1916. Methods in science. General Science Quarterly, 1(1),
- Dochy, F., M. Segers, & M. Buehl. 1999. The Relation between Assessment Practices and
- Outcomes of Studies: The Case of Research on Prior knowledge. Review of Educational Research
- (2): 147-188.
- Donovan, M. S., Bransford, J. D. & Pellegrino, J.W. 1999. How people learn: Bridging research and
- practice. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
- Gallagher, J., & Tobin, K. 1987. Teacher management and student engagement in high schoolscience. Journal of Science Education, 71(4): 535-555.
- Hezron, Z. 2008. Psychological Determinants of career choice among young people in Kuria
- community. Masters Dissertation, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
- Kid, J.M. 2006. Understanding Career Counselling: Theory, research and practice. London: Sage
- Publications.
- Kujawa, S., & L. Huske. 1995. The Strategic Teaching and Reading Project guidebook (Rev. ed.). Oak
- Brook, IL: North Central Regional Educational Laboratory.
- LippencottWiske, M. (ed.). 1998. Teaching for understanding: Linking research with practice. San
- Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Munro, M., & D. Elsom, 2000. Choosing science at 16, NICEC project report, NICEC, Cambridge.
- Nathan, R, &. L. Hill. 2006. Career Counselling (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications.
- National Commission on Excellence in Education (NCEE). 1983. A nation at risk: The imperative for
- educational reform. Washington DC: US Department of Education.
- National Research Council. 1996. National science education standards. Washington, DC: National
- Academy Press.
- Ndambuki, P.W., & E.K. Muite. 1999. Guidance and Counselling in Schools and Colleges. Nairobi:
- Oxford University Press.
- Rutherford, J., & Ahlgren, A. 1989. Science for all Americans. New York: Oxford.
References
Ajzen, I. 1988. Attitudes, personality and behaviour. Mitton Keynes: Open University Press.
—. 1991. The theory of planned behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and Human Decision processes.
(2):179-211.
Biswalo, M.P. 1996. An Introduction to Guidance and Counselling: In Diverse African Contexts. Dar es
Salaam: Dar es Salaam University Press.
Cajas, F. 1998. Teaching science for understanding and applications: The role of technology. Doctoral
dissertation, East Lansing, Michigan State University.
Cleaves, A. 2005. The formation of science choices in secondary school. International Journal of
Science Education, 27(4):471-486.
Davis, S.J., & J. Winek. 1989. Improving expository writing by increasing background knowledge.
Journal of Reading, 33(3):178-181.
DeBoer, G. 1991. A history of ideas in science education. New York: Teachers College Press.
Dewey, J. 1916. Methods in science. General Science Quarterly, 1(1),
Dochy, F., M. Segers, & M. Buehl. 1999. The Relation between Assessment Practices and
Outcomes of Studies: The Case of Research on Prior knowledge. Review of Educational Research
(2): 147-188.
Donovan, M. S., Bransford, J. D. & Pellegrino, J.W. 1999. How people learn: Bridging research and
practice. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.
Gallagher, J., & Tobin, K. 1987. Teacher management and student engagement in high schoolscience. Journal of Science Education, 71(4): 535-555.
Hezron, Z. 2008. Psychological Determinants of career choice among young people in Kuria
community. Masters Dissertation, University of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Kid, J.M. 2006. Understanding Career Counselling: Theory, research and practice. London: Sage
Publications.
Kujawa, S., & L. Huske. 1995. The Strategic Teaching and Reading Project guidebook (Rev. ed.). Oak
Brook, IL: North Central Regional Educational Laboratory.
LippencottWiske, M. (ed.). 1998. Teaching for understanding: Linking research with practice. San
Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Munro, M., & D. Elsom, 2000. Choosing science at 16, NICEC project report, NICEC, Cambridge.
Nathan, R, &. L. Hill. 2006. Career Counselling (2nd ed.). London: Sage Publications.
National Commission on Excellence in Education (NCEE). 1983. A nation at risk: The imperative for
educational reform. Washington DC: US Department of Education.
National Research Council. 1996. National science education standards. Washington, DC: National
Academy Press.
Ndambuki, P.W., & E.K. Muite. 1999. Guidance and Counselling in Schools and Colleges. Nairobi:
Oxford University Press.
Rutherford, J., & Ahlgren, A. 1989. Science for all Americans. New York: Oxford.