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Academic Staff’s Access and Use of Technological Tools: A Challenge to Blended Learning Implementation In Tanzania’s Tertiary Institutions
Journal of Education, Humanities & Science (JEHS),
Vol. 2 No. 2 (2013)
Abstract
This paper explores academic staff’s access to and ability to use technological tools in the
course of implementing blended learning system in higher education. In a study, a survey
questionnaire was used to collect data from 46 respondents. The results revealed that
although academic staff had high self-efficacy towards learning and using technological
tools, their access to and use of many technological tools were too limited. This affected
their competence and confidence to use such technological tools to teach, and deterred the
successful implementation of the blended learning approach. The study concluded that the
success of blended learning will depend on the academic staff’s access, and competence
and confidence to use technological tools. Therefore, higher education institutions should
prepare academic staff for implementing blended learning by providing a conducive
environment for effective utilisation of technology. This includes equiping them with support
infrastructures, technological facilities, stable internet connectivity and continuous training.
Keywords
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- Archibong, I. A., J.E. Ogbiji & F. Anijaobi-Idemi. 2010. ICT Competence among Academic Staff in
- Universities in Cross Rivers State, Nigeria. Computer and Information Science, 3(4): 109–115.
- Boitshwarelo, B. 2009. Exploring Blended Learning for Science Teacher Professional Development in
- an African Context. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 10(4): 1–19.
- Childs, S.; Blenkinsopp, E.; Hall, A., & Walton, G. 2005). Effective e-learning for health
- professionals and students—barriers and their solutions. A systematic review of the
- literature-findings from the HeXL project. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 22(2):
- –32.
- Dziuban, C.D., J.L. Hartman, T.B. Cavanagh & P.D. Moskal. 2011. Blended Learning
- Courses as Drivers of Institutional Transformation. In A. Kitchenham. Blended Learning
- Across Disciplines: Models for Implementation. IGI, Global.
- Ekundayo, M.S. & J.M. Ekundayo. 2009. Capacity Constraints in Developing Countries: A
- Need for More E-learning Space? The case of Nigeria. Proceedings Ascilite Auckland.
- Gunga, S.O. & I.W. Ricketts. 2007. Facing the Challenges of E-Learning Initiatives in African
- Universities. British Journal of Educational Technology, 38(5): 896–906
- Harris, P., J.B. Connolly & L. Feeney. 2009. Blended learning: Overview and Recommendations for
- Successful Implementation. Industrial and Commercial Training, 41(3): 155–163.
- Latchem, C. & I. Jung, 2010. Distance and Blended learning in Asia. New York: Routledge.
- Maddox, M. 2009. Blended Learning: The Internet and the Classroom. Principal Leadership. 10(4): 72–75.
- Matheos, K. 2011. Human Resources and Skills Development Canada: Innovative Practices
- Research Project. COHERE Report on Blended Learning. Retrived on 8th July 2013 from:
- http://cohere.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/REPORT-ON-BLENDED-LEARNINGFINAL1.pd
- McVeigh, H. 2009. Factors Influencing the Utilization of E-Learning in Post- Registration
- Nursing Students. Nurse Education Today. 29(1): 91–99.
- Motlik, S. 2008. Technical Evaluation Report 63: Mobile Learning in Developing Nations. The
- International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 9(2): 1–8.
- Nihuka, K.A. 2011. Collaborative Course Design to Support Implementation of E-learning by
- Instructors. PhD Dissertation. Retrieved on 23/09/2012 from:
- http://doc.utwente.nl/78096/1/ thesis_K_Nihuka.pdf
- Nihuka, K.A., & Voogt, J. 2011. Instructors and Students Competences, Perceptions and
- Access to E-learning Technologies: Implications for E-learning Implementation at the
- Open University of Tanzania. International Journal on E-Learning, 10(1): 63–85.
- Puri, G. 2012. Critical Success Factors In E-Learning – An Empirical Study. International
- Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(1): 149–161.
- Saekow, A., & Samson, D. 2011. E-learning Readiness of Thailand’s Universities:
- Comparing to the USA’s Cases. International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, eManagement, and e-Learning, 1(2): 126–131.
- Schmidt, D.A., E. Baran, A.D. Thompson, P. Mishra, M. J. Koehler & T.S. Shin. 2009. Technological
- Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK): The Development and Validation of an Assessment Instrument
- for Pre-service Teachers. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 42(2): 123–149.
- Siew-Eng, L., S.R. Ariffin, S. Rahman & L.K. Leong. 2010. Diversity in education using
- blended learning in Sarawak. US-China Education Review, 7(2): 83–88.
- Suhail,N.A. & E.K. Mugisa. 2007. Implementation of E-learning in Higher education Institutions in Low
- Bandwidth Environment: A Blended Learning Approach. In K.J. Migga, J.Muhirwe, J.Aisbett, K.
- Getao, V.W. Mbarika, D.Patel and A.J.Rodrigues (eds). Special Topics in Computing and ICT
- Research: Strengtherning the Role of ICT in Development. Kampala: Fountain Publishers, V0l.III.
- Scotte, C. G. & C. Scotte. 2012. Managing Innovation in Higher Education. World Journal of
- Social Sciences, 2(6): 14–24.
- UNESCO 2011. ICT for Higher Education: Case studies from Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok: UNESCO
- Vasisenaho, M., C. Islas, M. Tedre & E. Sutinen. 2006. Implementing information and
- communication Technology in Higher Education in Tanzania. IST-Africa 2006 Conference
- Proceedings. Accessed on 25/04/2010 from: www.IST-Africa.org/Conference2006
- Volery, T. & D. Lord. 2000. Critical success factors in online education. The International
- Journal of Education Management, 14(5): 216–223.
- Yusuf, M. O. & S.A. Onasanya. 2004. Information and communication technology (ICT) and
- teaching in tertiary institutions. In E. A. Ogunsakin (Ed.) Teaching in tertiary institutions.
- A publication of the Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria
References
Archibong, I. A., J.E. Ogbiji & F. Anijaobi-Idemi. 2010. ICT Competence among Academic Staff in
Universities in Cross Rivers State, Nigeria. Computer and Information Science, 3(4): 109–115.
Boitshwarelo, B. 2009. Exploring Blended Learning for Science Teacher Professional Development in
an African Context. International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning, 10(4): 1–19.
Childs, S.; Blenkinsopp, E.; Hall, A., & Walton, G. 2005). Effective e-learning for health
professionals and students—barriers and their solutions. A systematic review of the
literature-findings from the HeXL project. Health Information and Libraries Journal, 22(2):
–32.
Dziuban, C.D., J.L. Hartman, T.B. Cavanagh & P.D. Moskal. 2011. Blended Learning
Courses as Drivers of Institutional Transformation. In A. Kitchenham. Blended Learning
Across Disciplines: Models for Implementation. IGI, Global.
Ekundayo, M.S. & J.M. Ekundayo. 2009. Capacity Constraints in Developing Countries: A
Need for More E-learning Space? The case of Nigeria. Proceedings Ascilite Auckland.
Gunga, S.O. & I.W. Ricketts. 2007. Facing the Challenges of E-Learning Initiatives in African
Universities. British Journal of Educational Technology, 38(5): 896–906
Harris, P., J.B. Connolly & L. Feeney. 2009. Blended learning: Overview and Recommendations for
Successful Implementation. Industrial and Commercial Training, 41(3): 155–163.
Latchem, C. & I. Jung, 2010. Distance and Blended learning in Asia. New York: Routledge.
Maddox, M. 2009. Blended Learning: The Internet and the Classroom. Principal Leadership. 10(4): 72–75.
Matheos, K. 2011. Human Resources and Skills Development Canada: Innovative Practices
Research Project. COHERE Report on Blended Learning. Retrived on 8th July 2013 from:
http://cohere.ca/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/REPORT-ON-BLENDED-LEARNINGFINAL1.pd
McVeigh, H. 2009. Factors Influencing the Utilization of E-Learning in Post- Registration
Nursing Students. Nurse Education Today. 29(1): 91–99.
Motlik, S. 2008. Technical Evaluation Report 63: Mobile Learning in Developing Nations. The
International Review of Research in Open and Distance Learning. 9(2): 1–8.
Nihuka, K.A. 2011. Collaborative Course Design to Support Implementation of E-learning by
Instructors. PhD Dissertation. Retrieved on 23/09/2012 from:
http://doc.utwente.nl/78096/1/ thesis_K_Nihuka.pdf
Nihuka, K.A., & Voogt, J. 2011. Instructors and Students Competences, Perceptions and
Access to E-learning Technologies: Implications for E-learning Implementation at the
Open University of Tanzania. International Journal on E-Learning, 10(1): 63–85.
Puri, G. 2012. Critical Success Factors In E-Learning – An Empirical Study. International
Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(1): 149–161.
Saekow, A., & Samson, D. 2011. E-learning Readiness of Thailand’s Universities:
Comparing to the USA’s Cases. International Journal of e-Education, e-Business, eManagement, and e-Learning, 1(2): 126–131.
Schmidt, D.A., E. Baran, A.D. Thompson, P. Mishra, M. J. Koehler & T.S. Shin. 2009. Technological
Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK): The Development and Validation of an Assessment Instrument
for Pre-service Teachers. Journal of Research on Technology in Education, 42(2): 123–149.
Siew-Eng, L., S.R. Ariffin, S. Rahman & L.K. Leong. 2010. Diversity in education using
blended learning in Sarawak. US-China Education Review, 7(2): 83–88.
Suhail,N.A. & E.K. Mugisa. 2007. Implementation of E-learning in Higher education Institutions in Low
Bandwidth Environment: A Blended Learning Approach. In K.J. Migga, J.Muhirwe, J.Aisbett, K.
Getao, V.W. Mbarika, D.Patel and A.J.Rodrigues (eds). Special Topics in Computing and ICT
Research: Strengtherning the Role of ICT in Development. Kampala: Fountain Publishers, V0l.III.
Scotte, C. G. & C. Scotte. 2012. Managing Innovation in Higher Education. World Journal of
Social Sciences, 2(6): 14–24.
UNESCO 2011. ICT for Higher Education: Case studies from Asia and the Pacific. Bangkok: UNESCO
Vasisenaho, M., C. Islas, M. Tedre & E. Sutinen. 2006. Implementing information and
communication Technology in Higher Education in Tanzania. IST-Africa 2006 Conference
Proceedings. Accessed on 25/04/2010 from: www.IST-Africa.org/Conference2006
Volery, T. & D. Lord. 2000. Critical success factors in online education. The International
Journal of Education Management, 14(5): 216–223.
Yusuf, M. O. & S.A. Onasanya. 2004. Information and communication technology (ICT) and
teaching in tertiary institutions. In E. A. Ogunsakin (Ed.) Teaching in tertiary institutions.
A publication of the Faculty of Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin Nigeria